Factors of the transition from the informal sector to the formal sector
Case from tontines to cooperatives in Cameroon
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59051/joaf.v12i2.486Keywords:
tontines, microfinance, formal, informalAbstract
Objective: This article aims to analyze the factors of the transition from the informal to the formal sector, in particular the transition of tontines to the status of cooperatives.
Method: To do so, we used a qualitative approach. The data collection tools are: the interview guide, addressed to the different managers of the first category Microfinance Institutions, the interview and the documentary review.
Results: The analysis shows that credibility, regulation and compliance with rules are factors that most explain the transition phenomenon. Furthermore, we have highlighted the importance of the following factors from the content analysis: the security of funds; solidarity and mutual aid among the various members in a formal framework.
Originality and relevance: The issue of informal finance is a major structural problem in Cameroon. However, most studies in Cameroon on tontines have focused on the behavior of their members, their impact on firm performance, the question of financial dualism and the survival of these informal institutions. Apart from the macroeconomic dynamics of the informal sector and the role of the informal sector, few articles address the transitions between the informal and formal financial sectors from a microeconomic perspective.
Downloads
References
Abaté A. M., (2017) « Transition des entreprises informelles vers le formel : Les zones-grises comme stratégie entrepreneuriale de façade », Revue africaine de management - African management review, Vol.2, n°1, pp.1-21
Autissier D., et Moutot, J. M. (2003), Pratiques de la conduite du changement : Comment passer du discours à l'action, Dunod
Banque mondiale, (1989), Rapport sur le développement dans le monde- systèmes financiers et développement, Washington, pp.134-144.
Basu A., Blavy R. et Yulek M. (2004), “Microfinance in Africa: Experience and Lessons from Selected African Countries”, International Monetary Fund Working Paper, WP/04/174
Bekolo-Ebe B. et Bilongo R. (1989), « Le système des tontines : liquidité, intermédiation et comportement d’épargne », Revue d’économie politique, Vol.99, n°4, pp. 616-638
Bouman F. J. A. (1995), “Rotating and accumulating saving and Credit Association: A Development Perspective”, World Development, vol. 23, no 3, pp 371-384.
Demenet A., (2014) « Transitions entre les secteurs formel et informel en période de crise au Vietnam », Mondes en développement, volume 2, n° 166, pp. 73-86
Essombe Edimo J. R. (1998) « Dynamique financière des tontines : quels enseignements pour le financement des petites entreprises en Afrique ? » Tiers-Monde, tome 39, n°156, pp. 861-883
Kemayou L. R., Guebou Tadjuidje F. et Madiba M. S. (2011), « Tontine et banque en contexte camerounais », La Revue des Sciences de Gestion, Vol.3, n° 249-250, pp. 163-170
Kenmegni Noumigue G. R. (2015) “Formal, informal and semi-formal sources of finance: Is there any difference amongst Cameroonian small enterprises and medium enterprises?” Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Volume 4, Issue 2, pp. 105-122
Labie M. (1999), La microfinance en question – Limites et choix organisationnels, Editions Luc Pire
Labie M. (2009), « Microfinance : évolutions du secteur, diversification de produits et gouvernance », Reflets et Perspectives de la vie économique, 48(3), 5-6
Lelart, M. (1990), La tontine pratique informelle d'épargne et de crédit dans les pays en voie de développement, John Libbey Eurotext
Lelart, M. (2002), « L'évolution de la finance informelle et ses conséquences sur l'évolution des systèmes financiers », Mondes en développement, (3), 9-20
Lelart, M. (2005), De la finance informelle à la microfinance, Archives contemporaines
Lhériau, L. (2009), Précis de réglementation de la microfinance, Agence Française de Développement
Nguebou Toukam J. et Fabre-Magnan M. (2002), « La tontine : une leçon africaine de solidarité », Nantes, 29 et 30 novembre, Colloque international, Les Sciences de l’Homme en Afrique
Seibel H. D., (1996) « Finance formelle et informelle : stratégies de développement des systèmes locaux de financement », Revue Tiers-Monde, tome 37, n°145, pp. 97-114
Servet J. M. (1995), « Epargne et liens sociaux », Etudes comparées d’informalités
Servet J. M. (1996), « Risque, incertitude et financement de proximité en Afrique : Une approche socio-économique », In Tiers Monde, tome 37, n°145, pp. 41-57 ;
Taplin, D. H. et Clark H. (2012), “Theory of change basics: A primer on theory of change”, New York: Actknowledge
Tello Rozas S. et Gauthier B. (2012), « Les tontines favorisent-elles la performance des entreprises au Cameroun », Revue d’économie du développement, Vol.20, n°1, pp. 5-39
Von Hayek F. A. (1937), “Economics and knowledge”, Economica, 4 (13), 33-54
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 André KADANDJI
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
