Industrial clusters and promotion of CSR: the case of developing countries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59051/joaf.v9i2.172Keywords:
Clusters, Corporate Social Responsibility, Developing countriesAbstract
The publication of Porter’s book entitled "Competitive Advantage of Nations" allowed clustering to become a worry of all countries and territories. It has proven its efficiency as an effective means of industrial and economic development of nations and a way to improve the competitiveness of firms by allowing them to benefit from positive externalities induced by collective action and geographic proximity both in developed and developing countries. But, beyond its economic benefits that are widely discussed in the theoretical and empirical literature, the question that can be asked about clustering is "To what extent clustering can contribute to the diffusion of CSR in the context of developing countries (DCs)?". This relatively new question is still underexplored by the researchers. Also, the available studies on the subject brought divergent conclusions on the potential impact of clustering on CSR. In this paper, we show that clustering, through joint action it implies and the support that it enjoys can encourage firms to adopt a positive attitude towards the ecological environment and the society by implementing CSR policies. But this can be achieved only when the State and the private institutions accomplish their role by deterring socially irresponsible behavior and by funding and encouraging CSR actions and initiatives.
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References
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Balabanis, G., Phillips, H. C., &Lyall, J. (1998). Corporate social responsibility and economic performance in the top British companies: are they linked?. European business review, 98(1), 25-44.
Baron, D. P. (2001).Private politics, corporate social responsibility, and integrated strategy. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 10(1), 7-45.
Battaglia, M., Bianchi, L., Frey, M., & Iraldo, F. (2010). An innovative model to promote CSR among SMEs operating in industrial clusters: Evidence from an EU project. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 17(3), 133–141.
Blackman, A. (Ed.), Small Firms and the Environment in Developing Countries – Collective Action and Collective Impacts, RFF Press, Washington, DC, pp. 112-28.
Blowfield, M. (2005). Corporate Social Responsibility: reinventing the meaning of development?. International Affairs, 81(3), 515-524.
Brusco, S. (1982). The Emilian model: productive decentralisation and social integration. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 6(2), 167-184.
Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. Academy of management review, 4(4), 497-505.
Carroll, A. B., & Shabana, K. M. (2010). The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research and practice. International journal of management reviews, 12(1), 85-105.
Ceglie, G., &Dini, M. (1999).SME cluster and network development in developing countries: the experience of UNIDO. Vienna: UNIDO.
Chaudhry, T. (2005). Industrial clusters in developing countries: A survey of the literature. The Lahore Journal of Economics, 10(2), 15-37.
Dahlsrud, A. (2008). How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 definitions. Corporate social responsibility and environmental management, 15(1), 1-13.
Deichmann, U. & al. (2008).Industrial location in developing countries.The World Bank Research Observer, 23(2), 219-246.
De Neve, G. (2009). Power, inequality and corporate social responsibility: The politics of ethical compliance in the South Indian garment industry. Economic and Political Weekly, 44(22), 63-71.
De Neve, G. (2014). Fordism, flexible specialization and CSR: How Indian garment workers critique neoliberal labour regimes. Ethnography, 15(2), 184-207.
European Commission (2001), Green Paper: Promoting a European Framework for Corporate Social Responsibility.http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_DOC-01-9_en.pdf
Fayyaz, A., Lund-Thomsen, P., &Lindgreen, A. (2017). Industrial clusters and CSR in developing countries: The role of international donor funding. Journal of Business Ethics, 146(3), 619-637.
Fowler, C. S., & Kleit, R. G. (2014). The Effects of Industrial Clusters on the Poverty Rate.Economic Geography, 90(2), 129-154.
Galbreath, J., & Shum, P. (2012). Do customer satisfaction and reputation mediate the CSR–FP link? Evidence from Australia. Australian Journal of Management, 37(2), 211-229.
Giuliani, E. (2016). Human rights and corporate social responsibility in developing countries’ industrial clusters. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(1), 39-54.
Gössling, T., & Vocht, C. (2007).Social role conceptions and CSR policy success. Journal of Business Ethics, 74(4), 363-372.
Huggins, R., & Izushi, H. (2015). The Competitive Advantage of Nations: origins and journey. Competitiveness Review, 25(5), 458-470.
Hull, C. E., & Rothenberg, S. (2008). Firm performance: The interactions of corporate social performance with innovation and industry differentiation. Strategic Management Journal, 29(7), 781-789.
Jamali, D., Lund-Thomsen, P., &Khara, N. (2017). CSR institutionalized myths in developing countries: An imminent threat of selective decoupling. Business & Society, 56(3), 454-486.
International Organization for Standardization (2010).Guidance on social responsibility.ISO: Geneva.http://iso26000.info/wp-contentcontent/uploads/2017/06/ISO26000_2010_E_OBPpages.pdf
Ketels, C. (2006). Michael Porter’s competitiveness framework: Recent learnings and new research priorities. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 6(2), 115-136.
Khan, F. R., & Lund-Thomsen, P. (2011). CSR as imperialism: Towards a phenomenological approach to CSR in the developing world. Journal of Change Management, 11(1), 73-90.
Kilcullen M. & Kooistra J.O. (1999). At least do no harm: sources on the changing role of business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Reference Services Review 27(2): 158–178
Kennedy, L. (1999). Cooperating for survival: Tannery pollution and joint action in the Palar Valley (India). World development, 27(9), 1673-1691
Klasen, S., &Waibel, H. (2015). Vulnerability to poverty in South-East Asia: drivers, measurement, responses, and policy issues. World Development, 71, 1-3.
Knorringa, P., & Nadvi, K. (2016).Rising power clusters and the challenges of local and global standards. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(1), 55-72.
Lee, S., Seo, K., & Sharma, A. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and firm performance in the airline industry: The moderating role of oil prices. Tourism management, 38, 20-30.
Lima Crisóstomo, V. et al. (2011).Corporate social responsibility, firm value and financial performance in Brazil. Social Responsibility Journal, 7(2), 295-309.
Lin, C. H., Yang, H. L., &Liou, D. Y. (2009). The impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performance: Evidence from business in Taiwan. Technology in Society, 31(1), 56-63.
Lund‐Thomsen, P. (2008). The global sourcing and codes of conduct debate: five myths and five recommendations. Development and Change, 39(6), 1005-1018
Lund-Thomsen, P. (2009). Assessing the impact of public–private partnerships in the global south: The case of the Kasur tanneries pollution control project. Journal of Business Ethics, 90(1), 57–78.
Lund-Thomsen, P., & Nadvi, K. (2010a). Global value chains, local collective action, and corporate social responsibility: A review of evidence. Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(1), 1–13.
Lund-Thomsen, P., & Nadvi, K. (2010b). Clusters, chains and compliance: Corporate social responsibility and governance in South Asia. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(Suppl. 2), 201–222.
Lund-Thomsen, P., & Pillay, N. (2012). CSR in industrial clusters: An overview of the literature. Corporate Governance, 12(4), 568–578
Lund-Thomsen, P. (2013). Labour agency in the football manufacturing industry of Sialkot. Pakistan. Geoforum, 44(1), 71–81.
Margolis, J. D., & Walsh, J. P. (2003). Misery loves companies: Rethinking social initiatives by business. Administrative science quarterly, 48(2), 268-305.
Margolis, J., Elfenbein, H., & Walsh, J. (2007).Does it Pay to be Good? A Meta-analysis and Redirection of Research on the Relationship between Corporate Social and Financial Performance.Working paper Harvard University.
Marshall, A. (1890). Principles of economics.
McCormick, D. (1998). Enterprise Cluster in Africa: On the way to Industrialisation?, Institute of Development Studies, Sussex, UK, IDS Discussion paper 366.
McGuire, J. B., Sundgren, A., & Schneeweis, T. (1988). Corporate social responsibility and firm financial performance. Academy of management Journal, 31(4), 854-872.
McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2000). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: correlation or misspecification?. Strategic management journal, 21(5), 603-609.
Mezzadri, A. (2010), ‘‘Assessing the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility as a tool for ‘poverty reduction through productive activities’: the case of the Delhi garment cluster’’, UNIDO Research and Statistics Branch Working Paper 26/2009, Growth, Exports and Technological Change in Developing Countries, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Vienna, pp. 148-65.
McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2001). Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective. Academy of management review, 26(1), 117-127.
McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. S. (2011). Creating and capturing value: Strategic corporate social responsibility, resource-based theory, and sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 37(5), 1480-1495.
Mishra, S., & Suar, D. (2010). Does corporate social responsibility influence firm performance of Indian companies?. Journal of business ethics, 95(4), 571-601.
Nadvi, K., & Yoon, S. J. (2012, December). Industrial clusters and industrial ecology: Building ‘eco-collective efficiency’in a South Korean cluster. In conference on global value chains: Industrial clusters and the future of CSR in the BRIC countries, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark (Vol. 1214).
Oeyono, J., Samy, M., &Bampton, R. (2011). An examination of corporate social responsibility and financial performance: A study of the top 50 Indonesian listed corporations. Journal of Global Responsibility, 2(1), 100-112.
Okamoto, D. (2009). Social relationship of a firm and the CSP–CFP relationship in Japan: Using artificial neural networks. Journal of business ethics, 87(1), 117-132.
Otsuka, K., & Sonobe, T. (2006).Strategy for cluster-based industrial development in developing countries.In Ohno, K. & Fujimoto, T. (Eds), Industrialization of Developing Countries (pp. 67-79), Tokyo: National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies.
Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F. L., &Rynes, S. L. (2003). Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Organization studies, 24(3), 403-441.
Peinado-Vara, E. (2006). Corporate social responsibility in Latin America. Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 21(3), 61-69.
Phambuka-Nsimbi, C. (2008). Creating competitive advantage in developing countries through business clusters: A literature review.African Journal of Business Management, 2(7), 125-130.
Porter, M. (2000). Location, competition and economic development: Local clusters in a global economy. Economic Development Quarterly, 14(1), 15-35.
Porter, M. (2003).The Economic performance of regions.Regional Studies, 37(6/7), 549-578.
Porter, M., &Ketels., C. (2009). Clusters and Industrial Districts : Common Roots, Different Perspectives. In Becattini, G. & al. (Éds.), The Handbook of Industrial Districts (pp. 172-183). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Puppim de Oliveira, J. A (Ed.). (2008). Upgrading clusters and small enterprises in developing countries: Environmental, labor, innovation and social issues. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd..
Puppim de Oliveira, J. A., & Jabbour, C. J. C. (2017). Environmental Management, Climate Change, CSR, and Governance in Clusters of Small Firms in Developing Countries: Toward an Integrated Analytical Framework. Business & Society, 56(1), 130-151.
Rabellotti, R., & Schmitz, H. (1999).The internal heterogeneity of industrial districts in Italy, Brazil and Mexico.Regional Studies, 33(2), 97-108.
Russo, M. V., & Fouts, P. A. (1997).A resource-based perspective on corporate environmental performance and profitability. Academy of management Journal, 40(3), 534-559.
Saeidi, S. P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S. P., &Saaeidi, S. A. (2015). How does corporate social responsibility contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction. Journal of Business Research, 68(2), 341-350.
Schmitz, H. (1999). Global competition and local cooperation: success and failure in the Sinos Valley, Brazil. World development, 27(9), 1627-1650.
Schmitz, H., & Musyck, B. (1994). Industrial districts in Europe: policy lessons for developing countries? World development, 22(6), 889-910.
Schmitz, H., & Nadvi, K. (1999). Clustering and Industrialisation: Introduction. World Development, 27(9), 1503-1514.
Sengenberger, W. (2009).The scope of industrial districts in the Third World.In Becattini, G. & al. (Éds.)A Handbook of Industrial Districts (pp.630-640). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Sonobe, T., & al. (2011). The growth process of informal enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa: a case study of a metalworking cluster in Nairobi. Small Business Economics, 36(3), 323-335.
Sonobe, T., & Otsuka, K. (2014).Cluster-Based Industrial Development: KAIZEN Management for MSE Growth in Developing Countries. New York: Pulgrave Macmillan.
Teoh, S. H., Welch, I., &Wazzan, C. P. (1999). The effect of socially activist investment policies on the financial markets: Evidence from the South African boycott. The Journal of Business, 72(1), 35-89.
Tremblay, D.-G. (2007). Réseaux, clusters, communautés de pratiques et développement des connaissances. Note de recherche N° 2007-06, Chaire Bell en technologies et organisation du travail, Université du Quebec à Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
Van Beurden, P., & Gössling, T. (2008). The worth of values–a literature review on the relation between corporate social and financial performance. Journal of business ethics, 82(2), 407.
Waldman-Brown, A. & al. (2013).Innovation and stagnation among Ghana’s technical artisans. Conference Paper, Conference: 22nd Conference for the International Association of Management of Technology (IAMOT): "Science, Technology and Innovations in the Emerging Markets", April 14-18, 2013 at Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Waworuntu, S. R., Wantah, M. D., &Rusmanto, T. (2014). CSR and financial performance analysis: evidence from top ASEAN listed companies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 164, 493-500.
Wright, P., & Ferris, S. P. (1997). Agency conflict and corporate strategy: The effect of divestment on corporate value. Strategic management journal, 77-83.
Yang, F., & Planque, B. (2010). Impacts des clusters sur le développement régional dans un pays émergent: le cas des Parcs Industriels des nouvelles énergies en Chine. SéminaireEUROLio. Toulouse.
Ye, K., & Zhang, R. (2011). Do lenders value corporate social responsibility? Evidence from China. Journal of Business Ethics, 104(2), 197.
Zhu, Y., Sun, L. Y., & Leung, A. S. (2014). Corporate social responsibility, firm reputation, and firm performance: The role of ethical leadership. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 31(4), 925-947.
Ağan, Y., Kuzey, C., Acar, M. F., &Açıkgöz, A. (2016).The relationships between corporate social responsibility, environmental supplier development, and firm performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 1872-1881.
Balabanis, G., Phillips, H. C., &Lyall, J. (1998). Corporate social responsibility and economic performance in the top British companies: are they linked?. European business review, 98(1), 25-44.
Baron, D. P. (2001).Private politics, corporate social responsibility, and integrated strategy. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 10(1), 7-45.
Battaglia, M., Bianchi, L., Frey, M., & Iraldo, F. (2010). An innovative model to promote CSR among SMEs operating in industrial clusters: Evidence from an EU project. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 17(3), 133–141.
Blackman, A. (Ed.), Small Firms and the Environment in Developing Countries – Collective Action and Collective Impacts, RFF Press, Washington, DC, pp. 112-28.
Blowfield, M. (2005). Corporate Social Responsibility: reinventing the meaning of development?. International Affairs, 81(3), 515-524.
Brusco, S. (1982). The Emilian model: productive decentralisation and social integration. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 6(2), 167-184.
Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. Academy of management review, 4(4), 497-505.
Carroll, A. B., & Shabana, K. M. (2010). The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research and practice. International journal of management reviews, 12(1), 85-105.
Ceglie, G., &Dini, M. (1999).SME cluster and network development in developing countries: the experience of UNIDO. Vienna: UNIDO.
Chaudhry, T. (2005). Industrial clusters in developing countries: A survey of the literature. The Lahore Journal of Economics, 10(2), 15-37.
Dahlsrud, A. (2008). How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 definitions. Corporate social responsibility and environmental management, 15(1), 1-13.
Deichmann, U. & al. (2008).Industrial location in developing countries.The World Bank Research Observer, 23(2), 219-246.
De Neve, G. (2009). Power, inequality and corporate social responsibility: The politics of ethical compliance in the South Indian garment industry. Economic and Political Weekly, 44(22), 63-71.
De Neve, G. (2014). Fordism, flexible specialization and CSR: How Indian garment workers critique neoliberal labour regimes. Ethnography, 15(2), 184-207.
European Commission (2001), Green Paper: Promoting a European Framework for Corporate Social Responsibility.http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_DOC-01-9_en.pdf
Fayyaz, A., Lund-Thomsen, P., &Lindgreen, A. (2017). Industrial clusters and CSR in developing countries: The role of international donor funding. Journal of Business Ethics, 146(3), 619-637.
Fowler, C. S., & Kleit, R. G. (2014). The Effects of Industrial Clusters on the Poverty Rate.Economic Geography, 90(2), 129-154.
Galbreath, J., & Shum, P. (2012). Do customer satisfaction and reputation mediate the CSR–FP link? Evidence from Australia. Australian Journal of Management, 37(2), 211-229.
Giuliani, E. (2016). Human rights and corporate social responsibility in developing countries’ industrial clusters. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(1), 39-54.
Gössling, T., & Vocht, C. (2007).Social role conceptions and CSR policy success. Journal of Business Ethics, 74(4), 363-372.
Huggins, R., & Izushi, H. (2015). The Competitive Advantage of Nations: origins and journey. Competitiveness Review, 25(5), 458-470.
Hull, C. E., & Rothenberg, S. (2008). Firm performance: The interactions of corporate social performance with innovation and industry differentiation. Strategic Management Journal, 29(7), 781-789.
Jamali, D., Lund-Thomsen, P., &Khara, N. (2017). CSR institutionalized myths in developing countries: An imminent threat of selective decoupling. Business & Society, 56(3), 454-486.
International Organization for Standardization (2010).Guidance on social responsibility.ISO: Geneva.http://iso26000.info/wp-contentcontent/uploads/2017/06/ISO26000_2010_E_OBPpages.pdf
Ketels, C. (2006). Michael Porter’s competitiveness framework: Recent learnings and new research priorities. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 6(2), 115-136.
Khan, F. R., & Lund-Thomsen, P. (2011). CSR as imperialism: Towards a phenomenological approach to CSR in the developing world. Journal of Change Management, 11(1), 73-90.
Kilcullen M. & Kooistra J.O. (1999). At least do no harm: sources on the changing role of business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Reference Services Review 27(2): 158–178
Kennedy, L. (1999). Cooperating for survival: Tannery pollution and joint action in the Palar Valley (India). World development, 27(9), 1673-1691
Klasen, S., &Waibel, H. (2015). Vulnerability to poverty in South-East Asia: drivers, measurement, responses, and policy issues. World Development, 71, 1-3.
Knorringa, P., & Nadvi, K. (2016).Rising power clusters and the challenges of local and global standards. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(1), 55-72.
Lee, S., Seo, K., & Sharma, A. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and firm performance in the airline industry: The moderating role of oil prices. Tourism management, 38, 20-30.
Lima Crisóstomo, V. et al. (2011).Corporate social responsibility, firm value and financial performance in Brazil. Social Responsibility Journal, 7(2), 295-309.
Lin, C. H., Yang, H. L., &Liou, D. Y. (2009). The impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performance: Evidence from business in Taiwan. Technology in Society, 31(1), 56-63.
Lund‐Thomsen, P. (2008). The global sourcing and codes of conduct debate: five myths and five recommendations. Development and Change, 39(6), 1005-1018
Lund-Thomsen, P. (2009). Assessing the impact of public–private partnerships in the global south: The case of the Kasur tanneries pollution control project. Journal of Business Ethics, 90(1), 57–78.
Lund-Thomsen, P., & Nadvi, K. (2010a). Global value chains, local collective action, and corporate social responsibility: A review of evidence. Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(1), 1–13.
Lund-Thomsen, P., & Nadvi, K. (2010b). Clusters, chains and compliance: Corporate social responsibility and governance in South Asia. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(Suppl. 2), 201–222.
Lund-Thomsen, P., & Pillay, N. (2012). CSR in industrial clusters: An overview of the literature. Corporate Governance, 12(4), 568–578
Lund-Thomsen, P. (2013). Labour agency in the football manufacturing industry of Sialkot. Pakistan. Geoforum, 44(1), 71–81.
Margolis, J. D., & Walsh, J. P. (2003). Misery loves companies: Rethinking social initiatives by business. Administrative science quarterly, 48(2), 268-305.
Margolis, J., Elfenbein, H., & Walsh, J. (2007).Does it Pay to be Good? A Meta-analysis and Redirection of Research on the Relationship between Corporate Social and Financial Performance.Working paper Harvard University.
Marshall, A. (1890). Principles of economics.
McCormick, D. (1998). Enterprise Cluster in Africa: On the way to Industrialisation?, Institute of Development Studies, Sussex, UK, IDS Discussion paper 366.
McGuire, J. B., Sundgren, A., & Schneeweis, T. (1988). Corporate social responsibility and firm financial performance. Academy of management Journal, 31(4), 854-872.
McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2000). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: correlation or misspecification?. Strategic management journal, 21(5), 603-609.
Mezzadri, A. (2010), ‘‘Assessing the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility as a tool for ‘poverty reduction through productive activities’: the case of the Delhi garment cluster’’, UNIDO Research and Statistics Branch Working Paper 26/2009, Growth, Exports and Technological Change in Developing Countries, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Vienna, pp. 148-65.
McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2001). Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective. Academy of management review, 26(1), 117-127.
McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. S. (2011). Creating and capturing value: Strategic corporate social responsibility, resource-based theory, and sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 37(5), 1480-1495.
Mishra, S., & Suar, D. (2010). Does corporate social responsibility influence firm performance of Indian companies?. Journal of business ethics, 95(4), 571-601.
Nadvi, K., & Yoon, S. J. (2012, December). Industrial clusters and industrial ecology: Building ‘eco-collective efficiency’in a South Korean cluster. In conference on global value chains: Industrial clusters and the future of CSR in the BRIC countries, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark (Vol. 1214).
Oeyono, J., Samy, M., &Bampton, R. (2011). An examination of corporate social responsibility and financial performance: A study of the top 50 Indonesian listed corporations. Journal of Global Responsibility, 2(1), 100-112.
Okamoto, D. (2009). Social relationship of a firm and the CSP–CFP relationship in Japan: Using artificial neural networks. Journal of business ethics, 87(1), 117-132.
Otsuka, K., & Sonobe, T. (2006).Strategy for cluster-based industrial development in developing countries.In Ohno, K. & Fujimoto, T. (Eds), Industrialization of Developing Countries (pp. 67-79), Tokyo: National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies.
Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F. L., &Rynes, S. L. (2003). Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Organization studies, 24(3), 403-441.
Peinado-Vara, E. (2006). Corporate social responsibility in Latin America. Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 21(3), 61-69.
Phambuka-Nsimbi, C. (2008). Creating competitive advantage in developing countries through business clusters: A literature review.African Journal of Business Management, 2(7), 125-130.
Porter, M. (2000). Location, competition and economic development: Local clusters in a global economy. Economic Development Quarterly, 14(1), 15-35.
Porter, M. (2003).The Economic performance of regions.Regional Studies, 37(6/7), 549-578.
Porter, M., &Ketels., C. (2009). Clusters and Industrial Districts : Common Roots, Different Perspectives. In Becattini, G. & al. (Éds.), The Handbook of Industrial Districts (pp. 172-183). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Puppim de Oliveira, J. A (Ed.). (2008). Upgrading clusters and small enterprises in developing countries: Environmental, labor, innovation and social issues. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd..
Puppim de Oliveira, J. A., & Jabbour, C. J. C. (2017). Environmental Management, Climate Change, CSR, and Governance in Clusters of Small Firms in Developing Countries: Toward an Integrated Analytical Framework. Business & Society, 56(1), 130-151.
Rabellotti, R., & Schmitz, H. (1999).The internal heterogeneity of industrial districts in Italy, Brazil and Mexico.Regional Studies, 33(2), 97-108.
Russo, M. V., & Fouts, P. A. (1997).A resource-based perspective on corporate environmental performance and profitability. Academy of management Journal, 40(3), 534-559.
Saeidi, S. P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S. P., &Saaeidi, S. A. (2015). How does corporate social responsibility contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction. Journal of Business Research, 68(2), 341-350.
Schmitz, H. (1999). Global competition and local cooperation: success and failure in the Sinos Valley, Brazil. World development, 27(9), 1627-1650.
Schmitz, H., & Musyck, B. (1994). Industrial districts in Europe: policy lessons for developing countries? World development, 22(6), 889-910.
Schmitz, H., & Nadvi, K. (1999). Clustering and Industrialisation: Introduction. World Development, 27(9), 1503-1514.
Sengenberger, W. (2009).The scope of industrial districts in the Third World.In Becattini, G. & al. (Éds.)A Handbook of Industrial Districts (pp.630-640). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Sonobe, T., & al. (2011). The growth process of informal enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa: a case study of a metalworking cluster in Nairobi. Small Business Economics, 36(3), 323-335.
Sonobe, T., & Otsuka, K. (2014).Cluster-Based Industrial Development: KAIZEN Management for MSE Growth in Developing Countries. New York: Pulgrave Macmillan.
Teoh, S. H., Welch, I., &Wazzan, C. P. (1999). The effect of socially activist investment policies on the financial markets: Evidence from the South African boycott. The Journal of Business, 72(1), 35-89.
Tremblay, D.-G. (2007). Réseaux, clusters, communautés de pratiques et développement des connaissances. Note de recherche N° 2007-06, Chaire Bell en technologies et organisation du travail, Université du Quebec à Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
Van Beurden, P., & Gössling, T. (2008). The worth of values–a literature review on the relation between corporate social and financial performance. Journal of business ethics, 82(2), 407.
Waldman-Brown, A. & al. (2013).Innovation and stagnation among Ghana’s technical artisans. Conference Paper, Conference: 22nd Conference for the International Association of Management of Technology (IAMOT): "Science, Technology and Innovations in the Emerging Markets", April 14-18, 2013 at Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Waworuntu, S. R., Wantah, M. D., &Rusmanto, T. (2014). CSR and financial performance analysis: evidence from top ASEAN listed companies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 164, 493-500.
Wright, P., & Ferris, S. P. (1997). Agency conflict and corporate strategy: The effect of divestment on corporate value. Strategic management journal, 77-83.
Yang, F., & Planque, B. (2010). Impacts des clusters sur le développement régional dans un pays émergent: le cas des Parcs Industriels des nouvelles énergies en Chine. SéminaireEUROLio. Toulouse.
Ye, K., & Zhang, R. (2011). Do lenders value corporate social responsibility? Evidence from China. Journal of Business Ethics, 104(2), 197.
Zhu, Y., Sun, L. Y., & Leung, A. S. (2014). Corporate social responsibility, firm reputation, and firm performance: The role of ethical leadership. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 31(4), 925-947.
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Published
2018-12-31
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EL WAATMANI, A. (2018). Industrial clusters and promotion of CSR: the case of developing countries. Journal of Academic Finance, 9(2), 69–80. https://doi.org/10.59051/joaf.v9i2.172
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Copyright (c) 2018 Abdelmajid EL WAATMANI
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